compound and compound-complex sentence

COMPOUND SENTENCE AND COMPOUND COMPLEX SENTENCE
Hello guys…welcome back in my blog. Now we will discuss about COMPOUND SENTENCE AND COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE. Let’s study together…

#COMPOUND SENTENCE#
A compound sentence refers to a sentence made up of two independent clauses (or complete sentences) connected to one another with a COORDINATING CONJUCTION. Coordinating conjunctions are easy to remerber if you think of the words “FANBOYS” (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
A compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses. These two independent clauses can be combined with a COMMA and a COORDINATING CONJUNCTION or with a SEMICOLON.

COORDINATING CONJUNSTIONS (FANBOYS)
Example:
Joe waited for the train, BUT the train was late.
Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon, AND they left on the bus before I arrived.
Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, SO I did not see them at the bus station.
Coordinating conjunctions are useful for connecting sentences, but compound sentences often are overused. While coordinating conjunctions can indicate some type of relationship between the two independent clauses in the sentence, they sometimes do not indicate much of a relationship.

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
These conjunctions, as seen in the case of compound subjects and predicates, are used in pairs.
Either…..or…
Neither….nor…
Both ……and….
Not only…. But also…

CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
These adverbs, like coordinate and correlative conjunctions, are used to connect basic sentence patterns and make compound sentences.

- Also - besides
- Next - finally
- Anyway          - then

TRANSITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
These expressions are usually prepositional phrase used as adverbs
After all - in fact
For instance - on the other hand
For example - In addition

EXAMPLES:
BOTH Reza AND Yogi are in love with my sister
We should turn our assignment before 12 o’clock; OTHERWISE, the professor will not accepted them.
Not Indonesian muslims go back to their hometown for Iedul Adha; FOR INSTANCE, students who study and live abroad stay in their respective country presidence.

#COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE#
Sentence types can also be combined. A compound-complex sentence contains at least TWO independent clauses and at least ONE dependent clause.
Examples:
She completed her literature review, BUT she still needs to work on her methods section even though she finished her methods course last semester.
Although he organized his sources by theme, he decided to arrange them chronologically, AND he carefully followed the meal plan for organization.
With pizza and soda at hand, they studied APA rules for many hours, AND they decided that writing in APA  made sense because it was clear, consise, and objective.

#SENTENCE STRUCTURE#
In grammar, Sentence clause structure commonly known as sentence composition is the classification of sentences based on the number and kinds of clauses in their syntactic structure. There are four sentence structures, those are:
1). Simple sentence
       Simple sentence contains only one independent clause
2). Compound sentence
      Compound sentence contains at least two independent clauses. These clauses are    joined by a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon.
3). Complex sentence
       Complex sentence contains a subordinate clause and an independent clause.
4).Compound-complex sentence
       These are sort of like a mash-up of compound sentences and complex sentences. They   contain at least two independent clauses and at least subordinate clause.

Thank you guys… and see you

simple sentence and complex sentence

Hello good people!! Good morning, how are you today? Let’s learn about SIMPLE SENTENCE AND COMPLEX SENTENCE

SIMPLE SENTENCE AND COMPLEX SENTENCE

SIMPLE SENTENCE
A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make it a sentence. A Simple sentence contains a subject and a verb, and it may also have an object and modifiers. However, it can contains only one independent clause.
Example:
Joe waited for the train
“Joe”= subject, “waited”= verb

The train was late
“the train”= subject, “was”= verb

Mary and Samantha took the bus
“Mary and Samantha”= compound subject, “took”= verb
I looked for Mary and Samantha at the bus station
“I”= subject, “looked”= verb

Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus station early but waited until noon for the bus.
“Mary and Samantha”= compound subject, “arrived” and “waited”= compound verb

A simple sentence can also be referred to as INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. It is referred to as “independent” because, while it might be part of a compound or complex sentence, it can also stand by itself as a complete sentence.

COMPLEX SENTENCE
A complex sentence contains at least one “independent clause” and at least one “dependent clause”. DEPENDENT CLAUSE can refer to the subject (who, which) the sequence/time (since, while), or the causal elements (because, if) of the independent clause.
if a sentence begins with a dependent clause, note the comma after this clause. If, on the other hand, the sentence begins with an independent clause, there is not a comma separating the two clauses.

Dependent clauses such as those above cannot stand alone as a sentence, but they can be added to an independent clause to form a complex sentence. Dependent clauses begin with SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS. Below are some of the most common subordinating conjunctions: (after, although, as, because, before, even though, if, since, though, unless, until, when, whenever, whereas, wherever, while).
Example:
ALTHOUGH she completed her literature review, she still needed to work on her methods section.
 (note the comma in this sentence because it begins with a dependent clause)

BECAUSE he organized his sources by theme, it was easier for his readers to follow.
(note the comma in this sentence because it begins with a dependent clause)

They studied APA rules for many hours as they were so interesting.
(note that there is no comma in this sentence because it begins with an independent clause)

Complex sentences are often more effective than compound sentences because a complex sentence indicates clearer and more specific relationships between the main parts of the sentence.

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the clause (kinds of clauses)

Hello good people!! Now I will share a little material about the clause (kinds of clauses) that have I got it in syntax subject. Have you ever learn it? OK….let’s learn together….

THE CLAUSE (KINDS OF CLAUSES)
- A clause is a group of related words containing a subject and a predicate
For example: He laughed
- A clause refers to a group of related words (within a sentence or itself as an independent sentence) which has both subject and predicate.
For example: I will met him in office (“I” as a subject, “will meet him” as a predicate, and “in office” as a phrase).
- A clause may stand as a simple sentence or may join another clause to make a sentence. Therefore, a sentence consists of one, two or more clauses.

#KINDS OF CLAUSES#
- Clauses are divided into main clause (also called independent clause) and subordinate clauses (also called dependent clause).
  1).Main or Independent clause
       Main or independent clause is a clause that expresses a complete thought and can        stand as a sentence.
         Example: I met the boy  who had helped me
                          The teacher asked a question but no one answered
              in the above sentences expresses complete though and can stand as a sentence that is why a main or an independent clause is normally referred as a simple sentence.
   2).Subordinate or independent clause
         -.Subordinate (dependent) clause is a clause which does not express complete thought     and depends on another clause (main clause) to express complete thought.
         - Subordinate clause does not express complete idea and can’t stand as a sentence. A      sentence having a subordinate clause must have a main clause.
             Example: he likes Chinese rice which tastes good
 I met the boy who had helped me
                In above sentences are a subordinate clauses because it does not express    complete though and can’t stand as a sentence. It depends on main clause (he likes Chinese rice) to express complete thought.
          - Subordinate (dependent) clauses are further divided into three types those are:
              1). Noun clause
                    A noun clause performs same function like a noun in a sentence.
                    Example: what he did made a problem for his family
            In above sentence the clause “what he did” function as a noun, hence it is a     noun clause. A noun clause works as a noun that acts as a subject, object, or predicate in a sentence. A noun clause starts with words “that, what, whatever, who, whom, whoever, whomever.
Example: whatever you learn will help you in future
               2). Adjective clause
                      An adjective clause works like adjective in a sentence. The function of an      adjective is to modify (describe) a noun or a pronoun. Similarly a noun clause modifies a noun or a pronoun.
Example: he wears a shirt which looks nice
             The clause “which looks nice” in above sentence is an adjective clause because it modifies noun “shirt” in the sentence. An adjective clause always precedes the noun it modifiers.
Example: an apple that smells bad is rotten
           Adjective clause begins with relative pronoun (that, who, whom, whose, which, or whose).
         .          Adjective (relative) clause can be restrictive clause or nonrestrictive clause
                  - A restrictive clause limits the meaning of preceding noun or pronoun
           .        Example: the student in the class who studied a lot passed the test
                  - A nonrestrictive clause tells us something about preceding noun or pronoun but   does not limit the meaning of preceding noun or pronoun
                    Example: the student in the class who attended all the lectures, passed the test
         .     3).  Adverb clause
                        An adverb clause like an adverb modifies a verb, adjective clause or other   adverb clause in a sentence. It modifies (describes) the situation in main clause in term of  “time”, frequency (how often), cause and effect, contrast, condition, intensity (to what extent).
                   .          The subordinating conjunctions used for adverb clauses are as follows:
                    - Time: when, whenever, since, until, before, after,etc
                    - Cause and effect: because, since, now that, as long as
                    - Contrast: although, even, whereas, while, though
                    - Condition: if, unless, only if, whether or not, efen if, etc
                    Example: don’t go before he comes

Thank you guys...and see you
   

noun phrase and verb phrase

Hello guys, how are you today? welcome back to my blog...
Masih semangat gak nih tuk belajar bahasa inggris guys?let's study together 😇 now i Will share a lesson material about noun phrase and verb phrase that i have got it in english syntax subject. Oke.

NOUN PHRASE
- Noun phrase (NP) is a group of related words that can act as a single noun-like within unity in a sentence. Noun phrase start with determiners which are placed at the beginning of noun phrase.
- noun phrase is just a noun or a pronoun. For example: I am tired
- or a determiner and a noun. For example: those houses are very expensive
- sometimes, the noun phrases begins with a quantifier. For example: some people spend a lot of money
- the noun phrase is built up in this way:
  1). Noun: people, money
  2). Determiner + Noun: the village, a house, our friends
  3). Quantifier + Noun: some people, a lot of money
  4). Determiner + Adjective + Noun: our closest friends, a new house
  5). Quantifier + Determiner + Noun: all those children
  6). Quantifier + Determiner + Adjective + Noun: both of my younger brothers

#*Noun Phrase Patterns*#
   Match the noun phrases in brackets to the patterns. A: Adjective, D: Determiner, N: Noun, Q: Quantifier.
Q - D - N          N        Q - D - A - N         D - N
Q - N                           D - A - N
  Example: (elephants) are the largest land animals
Some words and phrases come after the noun. These are called POSTMODIFIERS. A noun phrase can be postmodified in several ways. Here are some examples:
- with a prepositional phrase: the house "on the corner"
- with an -ing phrase: the boy "talking to Angela"
- with a relative clause: the man "we met yesterday"
- with a to -infinitive: you should take "something to read"

VERB PHRASE
Verb phrases are verbs that are made up of more than one word. Verb phrases consist of a main verb alone, or a main verb plus any modal or auxiliary verbs ( helping verbs). Those helping verbs are: could, would, should, can, will, shall, may, might, must, did, do, does, and forms of " to be" (was, were, am, are, is, have been, has been, will be, will have been, and being).

#Phrase#
- is a group of words that have a function in a sentence
- is compound word that doesn't consist of subject and verb
Verb phrase is consist of an auxiliary and a main verb
a). Main verb: we "are" here, she "saws" the accident
b). The auxiliary verb be and a main verb in the -ing form: we were "laughing"
c). The auxiliary verb have and a main verb in the past participle form: I "had finished" my work, everybody "has prepared" well
d). A modal verb (can, could, may, should, will, shall, must) and a main verb: they will "come", I can "get" it

#Intermediate 1#
- the auxiliary verbs have and been and a main verb in the -ing
  Auxiliary have been -ing form: everybody has been working hard
- a verb phrase with have, been and the -ing form expressed both perfect and continuous aspect. A verb with have/has expresses present perfect continuous and a verb with had expresses past perfect continuous.

#Intermediate 2#
A modal verb and the auxiliaries be, have and have been
Modal auxiliary verb: they will be listening

#Intermediate 3#
The auxiliary verb be and a main verb in the past participle form
Auxiliary be, past participle: the work will be finished soon
A verb phrase with be and the past participle expresses PASSIVE VOICE

#Advanced#
We can use the auxiliaries DO and DID with the infinitive for:

#Emphasis#
Iya DO love you

#Polite Invitations#
DO COME and see us some time
Thank you...
See you soon..

adverbial phrase, adjective phrase, and prepositional phrase with tree diagram

Learning Adverbial phrase, Adjective phrase, and Prepositional phrase with tree diagram
Hello guys welcome to my blog again...now we will learning a material about adverbial phrase, adjective phrase, and prepositional phrase with tree diagram

Have you ever learned about this? Oke..please just stay here to study about it.

Adverbial phrase is a word group with an adverb as its head. An adverbial phrase can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb or even an entire sentence or main clause.

Adjective phrase is a phrase that tells us something about the noun it is modifying. The head (principal) word in an adjective phrase will be an adjective.

Prepositional phrase is a group of words that lacks either a verb or a subject, and that functions as a unified part of speech. It normally consists of a preposition and a noun or a preposition and a pronoun.

That all are the definition of adverbial phrase, adjective phrase, and prepositional phrase. If you want to know more about this, we can study use tree diagram. Do you know what is the tree diagram?
Tree diagram is one of the technique analyse sentence structure. Please look at the tree diagram below:
 1).She wrote a message on the wall

This sentence is consists of NP (noun phrase) and VP (verb phrase). NP has pronoun, that is "she". VP consists of verb "wrote" and NP (det: a, and Noun: message). Prepositional phrase (PP) is consist of preposition "on" and NP (det: the, and noun: wall).
 2). The baby slept soundly

This sentence is consist of NP and VP. NP consist of det "the" and noun "baby". VP is consist of verb "slept" and adverb "soundly."
 3). The children scream historically

This sentence is consist of NP and VP. NP is consist of det "the" and noun "children." Then, the VP is consist of verb "scream" and adverb "historically."
 4). Ken made a cake for the party

This sentence is consist of NP and VP. NP has pronoun, that is Ken. While VP is consist of verb "made" and NP ( det: a, and noun: cake). Prepositional phrase is consist preposition "for" and NP (det: the, and noun: party).
5). Susana is extremely scary movie

This sentence is consist of NP and VP. NP has pronoun "Susana". VP has verb "is" and NP is consist of (adverb: extremely, adjective: scary, and noun: movie).
 Thank you.
See you....

Adjective Determiner

Assalamualaikum gaess...
Welcome back to my blog. Now i will share you the lesson material that i got in syntax subject about ADJECTIVE DETERMINER.
ADJECTIVE
An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun. To modify means "to describe" or "to make more definite". (Big, pretty, expensive, green, round, French, loud, etc). For example: He has big blue eyes.
TYPES OF ADJECTIVE
1). Opinion (Nice, pretty, stupid, original, expensive,etc).
    For example: A sweet girl.
2). Size (Big, small, large, tiny, enormous, little, etc).
    For example: An enormous cupcake.
3). Age (Young, old, new, ancient, antique,etc).
    For example: An antique car.
4). Shape (Round, square, flat, straight, etc).
   For example: A round coin.
5). Color (Blue, red, white, black, darj, etc).
   For example: A red apple.
6). Origin (Italian, British, Mexican, Western, Southern, etc).
    For example: An Italian pizza.
7). Material (Metal, wooden, plastic, golden, etc).
    For example: A wooden house.
DETERMINER
Determiners are words that are used before nouns ti show which person or thing you are talking about. Determiners come before a noun to show which person or thing the noun refers to.
TYPES OF DETERMINER
1). Articles is the main group of determiners, with the words "a/an" and "the" which are used  before a noun.
   a). Definite articles are those that point a particular person or thing. It can be used in front of   singular as well as plural countable and uncountable noun. For example: He sas the movie.
   b). Indefinite articles are those articles that leave a person or thing undetermined or confused. For example: He is a doctor
2).. Demonstrative adjective
These adjectives indicate the noun that is being referred to (This, these, that, those). For example: These books are mine.
3). Difference words
Difference words are used when you want to refer to something different, additional, or remaining. Other (used with singular or plural nouns). Example: Sam will eat the other piece of cake. Another (used with singular nouns). Example: I would like another balloon.
4). Distributives
Distributives are used to refer to how people or things are divided or shared within a group. ( Each, every, either, neither). For example: The teacher hands a paper to each child.
5). Numbers (cardinal and ordinal)
Numbers are used to tell an exact amount (one, two, three) or a certain order (first, second, third). Cardinal (one, twi, three, four,etc). Ordinal (first, second, third, fourth, etc). For example: She was the first person to finish.
6). Possessive pronouns
These pronouns are used to show possession ot belonging. (My, yours, his, her, their, out, etc). Fir example: This is my family.
7). Quantifier
Quantifiers tell us the number of each noun. They tell us "how much" or "how many". (A little, a few, a lot of, all, etc). For example: please hand me a few tissues.
8). Question or defining words
Question words ask which thing or person is being referred to by the speaker. Defining
words explain which thing or person is being referred to.
For example: which house is yours? (Wuestion word)
                         I will show you which house is mine (Defining word).
PLACEMENT AND ORDER OF ADJECTIVE
1). Determiner (a, an, the, some, any, one).
2). Opinion (wonderful, great, luxurious).
3). Size (big, small, long, wide)
4). Age (old, new).
5). Shape (round, oval)
6). Color (blue, black).
7). Origin (Indonesian, Korean).
8). Material (wooden, golden).
Det    N    Op    Si    Sha     Ag    Co   Ori   Ma   P
(Determiner  Noun   Opinion   Size   Shape  Age  Color   Origin   Material   Purpose/Function).
For example:
- Beberapa gelas plastik asal cina
  Several Chinese plastic cops
  (Determiner - Origin - Material)
- Sebuah toko kopi kecil yang unik
  A unique little coffee shop
  (Determiner - Opinion - Size - Purpose/Function).
Thank you gaess...hopefuly this material can useful for you all
Wassalamualaikum wr.wb

Verb and Adverb

Assalamualaikum everyone...welcome back to my blog. Okey, now i will explain you about Verb and Adverb
A. VERB
     1). Definition of verb
         What is verb?
         Verbs are words that show an action, occurance, (develop), or state of being (exist). The
         basic form of a verb is known as its infinitive. For example: call, walk, cook.
    2). Types of verb
          a). Main verb
                Main verb is the head of a verb phrase in a sentence or a clause. For example: Aliando
                has created a new robot.
          b). Auxiliary verb
                Auxiliary verb is a verb for helping a main verb and cannot stand alone. For example:
                Selena is a beautiful
          c). Linking verb
                Linking verb connect the subject with the word that gives information about the subject
                (Smell, taste, look, seems,etc). For example: Kayla seems cleverer than her sister.
         d). Transitive verb
               Transitive verb is a verb that need an object. For example: Zayn reads newspaper every
                morning.
         e). Intransitive verb
               Transitive verb is a verb that doesn't need an object in a sentence or clausa.
                For example: Susy went to library yesterday.
         f). Regular verb
              Regular verb in english create the past simple and past participle by adding -ed to the
              base form. For example: Raul has accepted  the job offer.

         g). Irregular verb
               Irregular verb is verbs which have the same base form past simple, and past participle.
               For example: my parents have let me stay out late tonight.
         h). Finitive verb
               Finitive verb is a verb that shows the influence of tenses, person, and number in a
               sentence or clause. For example: Sehun has been sleeping for an hour.
        i). Non finitive verb
             Non finitive is a verb that doesn't show the influences of tenses, person, and number in
             sentence or clause. For example: Avril has a chance toe get  a scholarship.
        j). Action verb
            Action verbs are verbs that describe actions. We can use them in the simple.
            For example: Robert is listening  the music.
        k). Stative verb
              Stative verb is describe a status or quality or something, not an action. Verbs of
              perception, opinion, the senses and etc.
              For example: I love  Monday.
B. ADVERB
    1). Definition of adverb
          Adverb is a word that serves to describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverb.
    2). Function of adverb
          a). Adverb that explains verb. For example: he always  speaks with his friends.
          b). Adverb that explains adjective. For example: The book is very expensive.
          c). Adverb that explains adverb. For example: she walks quite slowly.
    3). Types of adverb
          a). Adverb of time
               Example of adverbs that tell when an action occured, or its time. For example: The
               movie is starting now.
          b). Adverb of place and direction
                Some adverbs tell the location of an action, or where it occured. For example: The
                 children love to play outside.
         c). Adverb of manner
               Can describe how something was done or the manner in which it was done.
               For example: My computer shuts down automatically.
         d). Adverb of degree
               Adverbs can describe to what extent something was done or an action was executed.
              For example: I almost stopped at restaurant for lunch.
         e). Adverb of modality or certainty
               To taste the level of confidence. For example: maybe he will come later.
         f). Adverb of frequency
              To taste how often an activity or event is done happened. For example: They often wear
               flat shoes.
         g). adverb of purpose
                To answer the "why" question. For example: he came to fix my broken chair.
         h). Focusing adverb
               To show that what is being discused is limited to the focused part. For example: only you in my heart.

Okey guys, hopefuly can useful for you all. Thank you.
Wassalamualaikum wr.wb